How does ice damage and freezing work

So I am not sure how exactly does freezing enemies work.

First of all I imagine cold damage should be in blue numbers, right?

So how does this work then?

A) Cold arrow rune attack on the bow comes out as blue damage numbers. Simple, easy, makes sense

B)Regular attack animation form a bow that has a cold damage from gem comes out with white numbers even though stat line literally says cold damage. Is it freezing can it freeze?

C) I can freeze most mobs sooner rather then later(more below) but nothing I can do seems to freeze EK. I could swear i did it once but at this point i am second guessing myself and wondering if i am misremembering.

D) it seems mobs freeze faster the bigger the cold damage numbers(in blue)

All that in mind does here are my questions.

1)How exactly does freezing work?

2)Do MOBS have freeze resist? (i mean Piece characters certainly have resist stats).

3)Do you need a flat amount of cold damage delt per second to freeze?

4)Is EK somehow different here?

  1. Can regular attacks with cold damage weapons freeze?

  2. Why does fallen sky’s regular attack freeze(some mobs after 2 hits smoe mobs 3 or more) and regular attack with cold damage bow does not?

I am just really confused with mechanics of freezing

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I cant back this up by anything so feel free to ignore or wait for someone who actually knows what they are talking about.

So far I feel from what enemies inflicted on me is that none of the elemental attacks do much. Poison and fire nibble at my hp bar a bit. Electricity and Ice dont seem to do much. Maybe its just really early and wasnt implemented as it should yet.

Yeah theres a bar under their life and when you fill that they freeze, even the Echo Knight freezes, even you i guess, and i have died from fire dot and plague dot already, if the damn food is on cooldown anything is possible hehehe. I froze Echo with my rust sword doing ice damage, a lot of rune attacks though, but it works.

Assuming that it works the same for players and mobs:

Normal attacks with elemental infusion, deal “extra” elemental damage on top of the base physical.
This means only a part of the damage is elemental. You should see a white and a blue damage number when hitting with your bow.

Elemental damage builds up until it reaches a certain value and then triggers a debuff.
That value might be based on max health, which would explain bosses being very resistant to debuffs.

There are elemental resistances that reduce the damage/buildup.

Buildup is reduced over time so you need a certain amount of DPS to freeze.

Falling sky does 100% of its damage as cold while the bow attacks deal physical damage plus some extra cold damage from the gem.

That bar is definitely has nothing to do with freezing, because i froze mobs before the bar filled in. I am pretty certain that’s just a stagger bar.