I just got this golden tier sword and it has full 4 runes into it, so to find out what those do i checked it in inventory and i couldnt find how to check the rune description. then i went to the enchanment shop when u can put new runes just so i could check what does that weapon runes do. but that isnt even at the weapon selection to put runes or remove., so i just cant check.
this will happen at some point 
we do not know more though. but a compendium of sorts is planned.
I have a hard time knowing what any of the runes do unless I buy them and waste my focus on testing them out.
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See here:
moved this here. a compendium/codex is coming at some point.